miniature
pronunciation
How to pronounce miniature in British English:
UK [ˈmɪnətʃə(r)]
How to pronounce miniature in American English:
US [ˈmɪnətʃər , ˈmɪnətʃʊr]
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- Noun:
- painting or drawing included in a book (especially in illuminated medieval manuscripts)
- copy that reproduces something in greatly reduced size
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- Adjective:
- being on a very small scale
Word Origin
- miniature
- miniature: [16] ‘Smallness’ is a purely secondary semantic development as far as miniature is concerned, inspired by its accidental similarity to the min- element of words like minimum and minute. It in fact comes ultimately from Latin minium ‘red lead’. Red lead was used in ancient and medieval times for making a sort of red ink with which manuscripts were decorated, and so the derived medieval Latin verb miniāre was coined for ‘illuminate a manuscript’.Italian took this over as miniare, and derived miniatura ‘painting, illustrating’ from it. It referred particularly to the small paintings in manuscripts, and when English borrowed it as miniature it was soon broadened out to any ‘small image’. Association with minute, etc led by the early 18th century to its adjectival use for ‘small’.
- miniature (n.)
- 1580s, "a reduced image," from Italian miniatura "manuscript illumination or small picture," from past participle of miniare "to illuminate a manuscript," from Latin miniare "to paint red," from minium "red lead," used in ancient times to make red ink, a word said to be of Iberian origin. Sense development is because pictures in medieval manuscripts were small, but no doubt there was influence as well from the similar-sounding Latin words that express smallness: minor, minimus, minutus, etc.
- miniature (adj.)
- "small," 1714, from minature (n.). Of dog breeds, from 1889. Of golf, from 1893.
Example
- 1. Expert in non-pharmaceutical methods for improving the quality of sleep ; developed miniature sensors for monitoring sleep .
- 2. The miniature shows the city the way it was 6 years ago .
- 3. Developing more powerful miniature batteries has proved hard .
- 4. Think of it as lump-sum investing in miniature .
- 5. But taobao 's phenomenon is just domestic commercial circumstance in miniature .