refractory
pronunciation
How to pronounce refractory in British English:
UK [rɪˈfræktəri]
How to pronounce refractory in American English:
US [rɪˈfræktəri]
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- Noun:
- lining consisting of material with a high melting point; used to line the inside walls of a furnace
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- Adjective:
- resistant to authority or control
- not responding to treatment
- marked by stubborn resistance to and defiant of authority or guidance
- stubbornly resistant to authority or control
Word Origin
- refractory (adj.)
- "stubborn, obstinate, perverse," 1610s (earlier refractorious, 1550s, refractary, c. 1600), from Latin refractarius "obstinate, stubborn," from past participle stem of refringere (see refraction). Related: Refractorily; refractoriness.
Example
- 1. Clinical analysis of agedness refractory nosebleed in 20 cases .
- 2. The treatment of relapsed and refractory hodgkin lymphoma .
- 3. Management experience in ceramics or refractory industry is strongly recommended .
- 4. To discuss the treatment of refractory nasal bleeding under nasal endoscopy .
- 5. Effective refractory period of the left ventricle .