stock

pronunciation

How to pronounce stock in British English: UK [stɒk] word uk audio image

How to pronounce stock in American English: US [stɑːk] word us audio image

Noun:

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest (equity)
liquid in which meat and vegetables are simmered; used as a basis for e.g. soups or sauces
the merchandise that a shop has on hand
a supply of something available for future use
not used technically; any animals kept for use or profit
the descendants of one individual
the handle of a handgun or the butt end of a rifle or shotgun or part of the support of a machine gun or artillery gun
the reputation and popularity a person has
a special variety of domesticated animals within a species
lumber used in the construction of something
a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation
any of various ornamental flowering plants of the genus Malcolmia
a plant or stem onto which a graft is made; especially a plant grown specifically to provide the root part of grafted plants
any of several Old World plants cultivated for their brightly colored flowers
the handle end of some implements or tools
persistent thickened stem of a herbaceous perennial plant
an ornamental white cravat
Verb:

have on hand
equip with a stock
supply with fish
supply with livestock
stock up on to keep for future use or sale
provide or furnish with a stock of something
put forth and grow sprouts or shoots
Adjective:

repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse
routine
regularly and widely used or sold

Word Origin

stock: stock: [OE] The word stock originally denoted a ‘tree-trunk’. It came from a prehistoric Germanic *stukkaz, which also produced German stock ‘stick’ and Swedish stock ‘log’. The lineal semantic descent to the stocks [14], a punishment device made from large pieces of wood, is clear enough, but how stock came to be used for a ‘supply, store’ (a sense first recorded in the 15th century) is more of a mystery.It may be that a tradesman’s supply of goods was thought of metaphorically as the trunk of a tree, from which profits grew like branches; and another possibility is that the usage was inspired by an unrecorded application of stock to a wooden storage chest or money box. Stock ‘broth’ was so named (in the 18th century, apparently) because one keeps a ‘stock’ of it on hand in the stockpot, for use at need.The original notion of a stout piece of wood is preserved in the derivative stocky [14], and also in stock-still [15] – literally ‘as still as a log’.

stock (n.1): Old English stocc "stump, post, stake, tree trunk, log," also "pillory" (usually plural, stocks), from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz "tree trunk" (cognates: Old Norse stokkr "block of wood, trunk of a tree," Old Saxon, Old Frisian stok, Middle Dutch stoc "tree trunk, stump," Dutch stok "stick, cane," Old High German stoc "tree trunk, stick," German Stock "stick, cane;" also Dutch stuk, German Stück "piece"), from PIE *(s)teu- (1) "to push, stick, knock, beat" (see steep (adj.)). Meaning "ancestry, family" (late 14c.) is a figurative use of the "tree trunk" sense (as in family tree). This is also the root of the meaning "heavy part of a tool," and "part of a rifle held against the shoulder" (1540s). Meaning "person as dull and senseless as a block or log" is from c. 1300; hence "a dull recipient of action or notice" (1540s). Meaning "framework on which a boat was constructed" (early 15c.) led to figurative phrase on stocks "planned and commenced" (1660s). Taking stock "making an inventory" is attested from 1736. Stock, lock, and barrel "the whole of a thing" is recorded from 1817. Stock-still (late 15c.) is literally "as still as a tree trunk."

stock (n.2): "supply for future use" (early 15c.), "sum of money" (mid-15c.), Middle English developments of stock (n.1), but the ultimate sense connection is uncertain. Perhaps the notion is of the "trunk" from which gains are an outgrowth, or from stock (n.1) in obsolete sense of "money-box" (c. 1400). Meaning "subscribed capital of a corporation" is from 1610s. In stock "in the possession of a trader" is from 1610s. Meaning "broth made by boiling meat or vegetables" is from 1764. Theatrical use, in reference to a company regularly acting together at a given theater, is attested from 1761. Figurative phrase take stock in "regard as important" is from 1870. As the collective term for the movable property of a farm, it is recorded from 1510s; hence livestock.

stock (v.): "to supply (a store) with stock," 1620s, from stock (n.2). Meaning "to lay up in store" is from c. 1700. Earliest sense is "to imprison in stocks" (early 14c.). Related: Stocked; stocking.

stock (adj.): in reference to conversation, literature, "recurring, commonplace" (as in stock phrase), 1738, figurative use from sense "kept in store for constant use" (1620s), from stock (n.2).

vt. & vi.

5. Most of those responsible for the current stock of greenhouse gases are dead .